A groundbreaking clinical trial, known as MATTERHORN, has demonstrated a significant enhancement in overall survival for patients undergoing surgical resection for biliary tract cancer (BTC).The trial established that adding the immunotherapy drug durvalumab to standard perioperative chemotherapy - meaning chemotherapy given before and after surgery - dramatically improves patient outcomes.

The MATTERHORN trial involved 304 participants with resectable BTC. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus durvalumab. The primary endpoint was overall survival, and the results showed a statistically significant and clinically meaningful benefit for those receiving the durvalumab combination.