Editor's note: This story was originally published in 2022. We are republishing it as part of our summer coverage.

Chasing lightning bugs on a summer night is a rite of passage for many young Indiana residents.

In fact, Indiana's state insect is a lightning bug.

There are about 40 species of what are called Lampyridae, or light-emitting beetles, in Indiana and more than 1,900 types worldwide. They've been around for millions of years, but some Hoosiers say it feels like they're seeing fewer flashes across the night sky than in the past.

So, are lightning bugs disappearing from Indiana?

Fireflies are hurting

"If we go from qualitative assessment alone, they seem to be on the decline," said Sérgio Henriques, who serves as the Invertebrate Conservation Coordinator for the Indianapolis Zoo's Global Center for Species Survival.

Part of the problem, however, is that there isn't adequate data on lightning bugs to speak with specificity. Researchers across the country, like Henriques, are working to gather more information and assess the threat of extinction.

"It's complicated and it depends on the species," Henriques said of the level of threat. "But overall, they're not doing great."

Habitat, light pollution and chemicals

There are several reasons why fireflies are at risk. The first is an issue that plagues many struggling species: loss of habitat.

Fireflies do well in areas with some moisture and humidity -- they often live near ponds, streams, marshes, rivers and lakes or in the margins where these areas meet fields and forests. However, development and climate change are shrinking places where they survive.

They also are suffering because of light pollution.The firefly's light is like a whisper, Henriques said, "while our lights are really loud in comparison and drown them out."

Fireflies have a lifespan of just a couple months. All the lights at night disorient them and can interfere with their ability to find a mate.

One of the other main threats comes from chemicals: The use of pesticides and herbicides on lawns can wreak havoc on fireflies.

Henriques said there are "little and easy" things Hoosiers can do to help lightning bugs. He suggests reducing lights at night, planting native species or installing a rain garden. Another option: reducing the chemicals you use on your yard or in your house.

"Fireflies are a privilege," he said. "It would be such a waste of a treasure if they were to decline or be gone."