Cortisol, known as the "stress hormone," is a steroid produced by the adrenal glands, which are located just above the kidneys. Short-term spikes in cortisol during stress are normal, but chronically high cortisol can alter the body and may lead to a condition called Cushing's syndrome.

One of the symptoms of high cortisol is unexplained weight gain. This weight gain tends to occur in the midsection, base of the neck, and between the shoulder blades. This fat pad on your neck is sometimes called "."

You may also notice your face is more round (sometimes referred to as "moon face"), and that your arms and legs are thin. Children with Cushing's syndrome often develop obesity and may also have slowed growth. Talk to your healthcare provider about any unexpected weight gain.

When you have high cortisol, you may notice skin changes, such as red or purple-colored stretch marks on the stomach, breasts, arms, and thighs. You may also develop acne. Women may notice excess hair on the face, neck, chest, stomach, and thighs.

High cortisol can cause frequent fatigue or muscle weakness. However, muscle weakness and fatigue can have many other causes, so this symptom alone does not necessarily indicate a problem with your cortisol levels. It's still a good idea to check in with a healthcare provider if you feel more tired or weak than usual, especially if it persists.

High cortisol levels can cause metabolic changes like hypertension (high blood pressure) and high blood sugar. While mild increases may not cause symptoms, more significant rises in blood sugar can lead to increased thirst, hunger, or frequent urination.

Often, your healthcare provider may be the first to notice these changes during routine visits or bloodwork. If you experience symptoms or have concerns, talk with your healthcare provider.

High cortisol levels can cause bone loss and lower bone density (osteoporosis), which can increase your risk for fractures. Many people do not realize they have these bone changes until they break a bone-osteoporosis is known as a "silent disease."

Talk to your healthcare provider if you have any risk factors for osteoporosis or notice symptoms like severe back pain, loss of height, or a stooped or hunched posture.

People with high cortisol levels may notice mood changes like anxiety, depression, and emotions that are hard to control. You may also have problems with thinking, such as memory loss, confusion, or a hard time focusing and concentrating.

Discuss any persistent or negative mood shifts or other cognitive changes with your healthcare provider.

High cortisol levels may affect your menstrual cycles. Cycles may become irregular or even stop. These changes can also make it harder to become pregnant. Make sure to bring up any issues regarding your cycle with your provider so they can help pinpoint the cause.

Individuals with high cortisol levels may notice a lower sex drive. Men may also have erectile dysfunction (problems getting or keeping an erection). High cortisol levels can affect also fertility in men.

High cortisol levels can make your skin more fragile and thin. This can lead to easy bruising, even when you do not have an injury. If you notice that you are bruising more easily than usual, check in with your healthcare provider.

High cortisol levels can weaken your immune system, especially over time. This can lead to more frequent infections or infections that take longer to heal.